What is one characteristic of closed stormwater systems?

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One defining characteristic of closed stormwater systems is that water is contained within underground pipes. These systems are designed to transport stormwater away from urban areas and other surfaces that cannot absorb water, such as roads and parking lots. By using an enclosed network of pipes, these systems help to manage and direct runoff, preventing flooding and controlling water quality by reducing the direct flow into natural water bodies.

In contrast, open channels, which are not a feature of closed systems, allow water to flow freely, typically being exposed to the atmosphere where evaporation can occur. Other options, like only collecting rainfall or promoting evaporation, do not accurately represent the function or characteristics of a closed stormwater system. Such systems focus on controlling and managing water flow effectively and safely rather than solely relying on atmospheric processes.